The (3+1) -dimensional Variable coefficient Kadomtsev-Petviashvilli equation describes the dynamics of solitons and nonlinear waves in plasmas and superfluids. Based on computerized symbolic computation and extended Variable coefficient homogeneous balance method, several families of exact soliton-like solutions, rational solutions, and auto-Backlund Transformation are presented. With the use of the auto-BT and the e-expansion method, we can obtain a soliton-like solution including N -solitary wave of the (3+1) -dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvilli equation with Variable coefficients. Especially, we get a soliton-like solution including two-solitary waves as an illustrative example in detail.

Ashwagandha, or Indian ginseng (Withania somnifera), is of considerable importance in the Solanaceae family due to the presence of a group of steroid lactones called withanolides. Given the limited production of these metabolites in the roots and leaves of the plant under natural conditions and the high demand from the pharmaceutical industry, it is crucial to use the hairy root method to increase metabolite production. To induce bacteria under laboratory conditions, tissue culture and its various steps are typically required. However, nowadays, an alternative and simpler transgenic method is used that does not rely on tissue culture and can produce transgenic plants with an increased yield of secondary metabolites. In this experiment, Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4 was injected into the plant at the wound site located at the first node of the seedling. Fifteen days later, hairy roots appeared, and after the growth of the transgenic plants in the greenhouse, growth characteristics (such as root volume and root area) were measured, and phytochemical analyses were performed on both transgenic and control plants. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The transgenic plants outperformed the controls in terms of agronomic traits: root length (1.12 times longer), root volume (2 times greater), and root area (1.49 times larger). As a result of this study, catalase enzyme activity and flavonoid levels were found to be lower in transgenic plants than in control plants. Correlation results showed that catalase enzyme activity and flavonoid content had positive and significant correlations with root length, volume, and area. Based on the findings of this research, the transgenic method, without the need for tissue culture, can be introduced as a useful approach in this plant to increase root hair production without increasing antioxidant enzyme activity.

Background: Common Variable immune deficiency (CVID) is the commonest symptomatic primary immunodeficiency and represents a heterogenous collection of disorders resulting mostly in antibody deficiency and recurrent infections. The syndrome includes impaired B-cell maturation, impaired somatic hyper mutation, reduced numbers of circulating memory and isotype-switched memory B cells, and absent or reduced plasma cells. B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a tumor necrosis family receptor superfamily member 17 (TNFRSF17), expressed only on B cell lines, and is essential for survival of long-lived plasma cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate mutations in BCMA in patients with CVID in compare with normal individuals in Isfahan, Iran.Methods: Blood samples were collected from 10 CVID patients with substitutive immunoglobulin therapy before immunoglobulins (Ig) infusion and 10 normal controls in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes then DNA samples were extracted and after the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done, samples were sequenced.Findings: After reviewing the results of the sequence and alignment of the sequences, no mutations in the gene were seen.Conclusion: In addition to the study of mutation in BCMA gene, BCMA gene and protein expression level should be considered to understand more aspects of this disease.

The Effect of different culture conditions on growth and production of antimicrobial agents by Oudemansiella spp, using the Variable Size - Simplex Design, were investigated. The results obtained from the experiments indicated that the optimum condition for growth and production of antimicrobial agents, situated at pH between 5.6 and 6.8, temperature between 28°C and 30.6 ºC, shaking rate between 137 and 170 rpm. The results also showed the fungus grow and produced antimicrobial agents at a very wide range of glucose concentration. Increasing the concentration of glucose over 15 g/L, resulted in decreasing the activity of the fungus.

Accepting the two hypotheses that legal law is subject to interests and abuses and on the other hand the interests and abuses transform over time and according to conditions and situations, change in rulings and religious duties is a reality that is bound to take place. Thus, the question that arises is how extensive this change can be and in what areas it will take place. Will there be a boundary for the "Variable"? Does the "constant" have specific definition and limits?Taking for granted that there are "Variable" rulings – irrespective of their range and topic – versus "constant" propositions, the writer of this article, while examining the primary incongruity between submitting to Variables on one hand and the admitted tenets such as "the lawful of Muhammad [S.A.W.] will be lawful till the Day of Resurrection and his unlawful will be unlawful till the Day of Resurrection" on the other hand, has tried to bring up and elucidate the proposed or probable mechanisms in distinguishing the constant from the Variable and arriving at a demarcation and definition for each one of them, and to weigh these mechanisms in the balance of criticism, and finally to see if it is possible to reach one or several of these mechanisms from among these collection of mechanisms in order to achieve a more distinct image of constant and Variable or such an achievement is not feasible. In this article, the writer's hypothesis is the possibility of achieving specific mechanisms in this respect by utilizing the initial outlines based on distinction of areas.